3.3 Fallacies of Weak Induction
3.3 Fallacies of Weak Induction
YouTube
· May 30, 2016
Weak Inductive Arguments: You Make Them All the Time
Another weak inductive argument example, this time from the world of finance, concerns the hedge fund Amaranth (ironically named after a flower that’s “immortal”), which incurred one of the steepest losses in trading history: $7 billion in less than a week. Just days before the company went into tailspin, Amaranth had reminded its ...
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Weak arguments and how to spot them - Ness Labs
Here is an example of weak argument: “Charlie is a woman. Some women like poetry. Therefore, Charlie likes poetry.” In this case, the premise “some women like poetry” has a low or unclear probability, so the argument is weak. Or the weak argument can be based on a personal opinion rather than a fact: “Charlie is a woman.
2.3: Fallacies of Weak Induction - Humanities LibreTexts
Slippery Slope. Like the post hoc fallacy, the slippery slope fallacy is a weak inductive argument to a conclusion about causation. This fallacy involves making an insufficiently supported claim that a certain action or event will set off an unstoppable causal chain-reaction—putting us on a slippery slope—leading to some disastrous effect.
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Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Flow Chart: Valid vs Invalid, Strong vs Weak, Sound vs Unsound
A logic flowchart of deductive and inductive reasoning, deductive validity, inductive strength, sound arguments and cogent arguments. Examples are given for deductive vs inductive reasoning, valid vs invalid reasoning, strong vs weak reasoning, sound vs unsound reasoning, and cogent vs uncogent reasoning. PDF of the chart available here: https ...
YouTube
· Jun 7, 2022
15:47
Informal Fallacies 3 (Weak Induction)
In this short video we introduce fallacies of weak induction, or fallacies of sufficiency.
YouTube
· Jul 24, 2020
5.2: Cogency and Strong Arguments - Humanities LibreTexts
A weak argument is one where the conclusion does not follow from the premises (i.e. even if the premises were true, there would still be a good chance that the conclusion could be false.) ... The point behind this example is to show how inductive reasoning imposes an important limitation on the possible conclusions a study or a survey can make ...
Inductive Reasoning and Inductive Arguments - University of Hawaiʻi
Strong inductive arguments achieve this goal - providing the best available evidence. Weak inductive arguments do not. Here are some examples: Deductive argument Examples. All Internet hackers and spies for the Chinese government are Chinese. Wen Ho Lee is Chinese. So, Wen Ho Lee is an Internet hacker and spy for the Chinese government. Valid ...
Exploring the Concept of Inductive Reasoning With Examples
Example of Weak Inductive Reasoning. Joe always jumps the red light. Therefore everybody jumps the red light. Unlike strong induction, in weak induction, the conclusion is not linked to the premises. Concluding that everybody jumps the red light just because one person does, is not an exercise of logical thinking. Simply put, weak induction is ...
Inductive Arguments – International Critical Thinking Foundation
Inductive arguments are widely used in science. For example, if science makes a claim that ‘smoking causes cancer’, it does not mean that everyone who smokes is sure to get cancer. It only establishes that smokers have a high probability of cancer as compared to nonsmokers. Inductive arguments can be either strong or weak. Strong and Weak ...
3.3 Fallacies of Weak Induction - University of Colorado Boulder
3.3 Fallacies of Weak Induction In the previous section, we learned about inductive arguments. These were arguments ... Here is an example of a sample set which is not random: “I took a survey, and everyone at my church firmly believed in the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. So, 100% of Americans firmly believe in the resurrection.”
Arguments VI: Inductive Arguments – Phil-P102 Critical Thinking and ...
A weak argument is an inductive argument that fails in having its conclusion be probably true, even given the truth of the premises. ... Note: the first of these examples of analogies is a real-world example of how animals are used to test the safety of cosmetic products.
Recognizing Inductive v Deductive Arguments - University of Hawaiʻi
Any argument that fits one of these situations will be inductive, because the conclusion is a generalization in some way that goes beyond the type of evidence offered in the premises. Examples for Inductive Argument Patterns #1 One, Some, Most --> Most, All Example #1. Some expensive cars are fast. So, all expensive cars are fast.
Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive Reasoning (with Examples)
This example illustrates an inductive argument where the conclusion is based on observed instances and generalises the ability of flight to all birds. While the conclusion is likely to be true, it is possible to encounter a bird species that cannot fly (e.g. an ostrich or a penguin), which weakens the argument’s strength.
Chapter 5: Fallacies II; Weak Inductions and Questionable Premise
The Crest toothpaste and Bush-Dukakis examples usually need to be gone over carefully. ... So, even in the case of a weak inductive argument, the premises are relevant; they are just NOT SUFFICIENT for a reliable or probable conclusion. As an example, remember number #6, page 108. We classified this argument as a very weak induction, but the ...
10.1: Inductive Logic - Texas A&M University
• For example 1. Ninety percent of 40-year-old American women live to be at least 50. Helen is a 40-year-old American woman. So, Helen will live to ... An uncogent (inductive) argument is either a weak argument or a strong argument with a false premise. • Every argument with a valid form is valid, but strength is not ensured ...
Strong and Weak Inductive Arguments
This is a weak inductive argument. The fact that Frank is Chinese offers little support for the conclusion. Sometimes the arguments which people give have false premises. I might, for example, argue that Sheila is probably good at math and give as my reason that she is majoring in physics, when in fact I'm wrong about Sheila's major.
2.4 Fallacies of Weak Induction – An Introduction to Logic
Sometimes, though, a lack of evidence can provide strong support for a negative conclusion. This is an inductive argument; it can be weak or strong. For example, despite multiple claims over many years (centuries, if some sources can be believed), no evidence has been found that there’s a sea monster living in Loch Ness in Scotland.
Fallacies of Weak Induction Study Guide - Quizlet
It is considered a weak induction fallacy because the conclusion relies on an alleged chain reaction without solid reasoning. For instance, arguing that allowing the sale of pornography will lead to a collapse of civilization due to increased sex-related crimes is an example of the slippery slope fallacy.
Philosophy - 5.5.2 Fallacies of Weak Induction - Elon
This is an example of a biased sample. With a hasty generalization, the problem is that not enough evidence is used. In a biased sample, the problem is that the evidence used is biased in some way. Appeal to Ignorance. Appeal to ignorance is another type of fallacy of weak induction. Consider the following line of reasoning:
3.3: Fallacies of Weak Induction - Humanities LibreTexts
Definitional arguments or claims and conspiracy theories are perfect examples. Example (“true by definition”): The following is a clear example of a self-sealing statement: Two weeks from today at 4:37 PM you are going to be doing exactly what you will be doing.
Fallacies of Weak Induction - Northern Kentucky University
Weak Analogy. No one would blame a bartender for having a few drinks on the job. but an airline pilot is no less a human being than a bartender. So, no one should blame an airline pilot for having a few drinks on the job. Occurs when an analogy upon which the argument depends is too weak to support the argument.
Deductively Strong, Inductively Strong and Weak Arguments - Google Sites
A Deductively Strong argument is one that is 1) valid and 2) the premises are reasonable for you to believe. An Inductively Strong argument is one that is 1) cogent, 2) the premises are reasonable for you to believe, and 3) it is not defeated by your total evidence. A Weak argument is one that is neither deductively nor inductively strong.