mavii

Given that COPI vesicles contain Golgi resident proteins, including mannosidase II and giantin , it was suggested that secretory cargo is transported through the Golgi complex in an anterograde direction via cisternal maturation, while the rearrangement of Golgi resident proteins is regulated by COPI vesicle-mediated retrograde transport.

Once unloaded, the soluble cargo proteins continue maturation through the Golgi before reaching their final destinations. This review provides an overview of receptor-mediated transport of secretory proteins from the ER to the Golgi, with a focus on the current understanding of two mammalian cargo receptors: the LMAN1–MCFD2 complex and SURF4 ...

COPI-coated vesicles are derived from Golgi cisternae, and the cargo that they contain – Golgi residents or secreted cargo proteins – has been used to distinguish between the two models. ... Lavieu, G., Zheng, H. and Rothman, J. E. (2013). Stapled Golgi cisternae remain in place as cargo passes through the stack. eLife 2, e00558. 10.7554 ...

Finally, the cells were shifted to 37°C or 32°C in the presence of CHX, to allow the passage of cargo proteins through the Golgi complex. The cells were then fixed at increasing time interval and processed for IF or EM. Of note, CHX does not affect the trafficking rates, as established using the pulse-chase transport assay. ...

The mechanisms for cargo transport through the Golgi complex have been the subject of a long-lasting debate [1].Many reviews have addressed the details of these different models [2, 3, 4].The most popular models include cisternal maturation [5], vesicular transport between stable compartments [6] and the rapid partitioning model [7].Each of these models possesses strengths and weaknesses, and ...

Researchers have proposed two competing models for protein movement through the Golgi: the vesicular transport model and the cisternal maturation model. The latter model is generally accepted to better fit the current data, but there is still some debate over whether all cargo proteins take the same path.

Protein movement through the secretory pathway is governed by a vesicular trafficking system, ensuring cargo reaches its destination with precision. This process begins with the budding of transport vesicles from donor membranes, mediated by coat proteins such as COPII for ER-to-Golgi transport and COPI for retrograde movement back to the ER.

As proteins journey through the Golgi apparatus, they undergo modifications important to their final function and destination. Glycosylation, where sugar molecules are enzymatically attached to the protein, stabilizes proteins and influences their cellular destinations and interactions. ... shaping the budding vesicle and selecting cargo for ...

Once biosynthetic cargo processing is complete, cargo is exported from the Golgi by coated vesicles and pleiomorphic uncoated vesicles, and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, endosome or other Golgi compartments (De Matteis and Luini, 2008).Cargo sorting and processing in the Golgi is essential for the generation of bioactive proteins (such as hormones and cell surface receptors ...

Cargo proteins (VSVG and PC-I) and Golgi markers (GM130, GT, and TGN46) were labeled with CY3 (red) and Alexa 488 (green), respectively. Optical sections passing through the area with the highest labeling intensity for cargo proteins were acquired using an LSM 510 laser scanning confocal microscope (Zeiss), without subtraction of background and ...

There are, in theory, several ways in which proteins may pass through the Golgi apparatus. Among these, the cisternal progression-maturation mode has gained broad consensus. However, there remain questions regarding the molecular mechanisms by which resident proteins are sorted from cargo and move backward to the proximal cisterna in synchrony ...

The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae.

The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology.

The ER also assembles multi-subunit protein complexes, such as immunoglobulins. Its roles in lipid synthesis and calcium storage highlight its importance in cellular physiology. Golgi Apparatus Cargo Modification. After processing in the ER, proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting.

Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis for protein transport through the Golgi and within the endocytic pathway provide clues to how this complex organelle may function and how proteins may be transported through it. Described here is a possible model for transport of cargo through a tightly stacked Golgi that involves ...

In cells that are manipulated to express both the faulty form of FUS and a protein that shuttles cargo from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, treatment with the matching TRAM effectively dissolved the ...

Here, we provide evidence that the GTP-binding switch Rab32 regulates Golgi assembly and cell migration. Rab32, which is unique among Rab proteins as an anchoring protein for Protein Kinase A (PKA), regulates Golgi dynamics through PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the adapter protein Optineurin.

The role of vesicles in cargo transport through the Golgi apparatus has been controversial. Large forms of cargo such as protein aggregates are thought to progress through the Golgi stack by a process of cisternal maturation, balanced by a return flow of Golgi resident proteins in COPI-coated vesicles.

In the tubular transport model, cargo proteins are transported in a continuous interwoven tubular network instead of discrete vesicles. COPII proteins remain on the ER membrane and function as a gatekeeper restricting entry of secretory proteins into tubules. ... Mironov AA, et al. ER-to-Golgi carriers arise through direct en bloc protrusion ...