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The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology.

It interacts with soluble cargo proteins at the lower pH of the Golgi and it is directed to the ER via COPI vesicles. At the neutral pH of the ER, the receptor releases the cargo protein to the lumen. In the opposite direction, Erv29 (Surf4 in mammals) transports cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi.

The cytoplasmic domains of cargo receptors also contain coat protein complex I binding motifs that allow for their cycling back to the ER after unloading their cargo in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi. Once unloaded, the soluble cargo proteins continue maturation through the Golgi before reaching their final destinations.

Once biosynthetic cargo processing is complete, cargo is exported from the Golgi by coated vesicles and pleiomorphic uncoated vesicles, and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, endosome or other Golgi compartments (De Matteis and Luini, 2008).Cargo sorting and processing in the Golgi is essential for the generation of bioactive proteins (such as hormones and cell surface receptors ...

In this review, we summarize the principles of cargo sorting by the vesicle traffic machinery and consider the diverse mechanisms by which cargo proteins are selected and captured into different transport vesicles. We focus on the first two compartments of the secretory pathway: the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.

Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance J Cell Sci. 2021 Dec 1;134(23):jcs259110. doi: 10.1242/jcs.259110. ... There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of ...

Explore how the Golgi apparatus orchestrates protein modification and trafficking within cells, ensuring precise cellular function and organization. ... shaping the budding vesicle and selecting cargo for transport. Each coat protein tailors the vesicle for a particular journey, whether it be to the plasma membrane or to lysosomes.

The Golgi apparatus is often found in close proximity to the ER in cells. Protein cargo moves from the ER to the Golgi, is modified within the Golgi, and is then sent to various destinations in ...

The protein composition of the Golgi is intimately linked to its structure and function. As the Golgi serves as the major protein-sorting hub for the secretory pathway, it faces the challenge of maintaining its protein composition in the face of a constant influx and efflux of transient cargo proteins.

The first demonstration of a mechanism for active sorting of anterograde cargo in the Golgi via protein palmitoylation. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - The first demonstration of a ...

Or, from the context of the cargo protein, by recruiting the appropriate coat adaptor variant, the cargo itself can influence the geometry of the vesicle formed. ... Related to the problem of selectivity is understanding how protein folding influences ER–Golgi traffic, in the context of both signal-mediated sorting and bulk flow. This is an ...

Cab45 could be the Ca 2+-binding protein that assembles secreted proteins in a Ca 2+ –protein matrix that forms when SPCA1 pumps Ca 2+ into the lumen of the TGN, thereby sequestering cargo molecules into a specific domain and separating them from other secretory proteins and Golgi residents. In this way, cargo export would occur from a domain ...

The ER also assembles multi-subunit protein complexes, such as immunoglobulins. Its roles in lipid synthesis and calcium storage highlight its importance in cellular physiology. Golgi Apparatus Cargo Modification. After processing in the ER, proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting.

Cargo proteins move from the cis to the trans site of the Golgi within maturing cisternae [5-7] while ER- and Golgi-resident proteins move back in COPI vesicles . After reaching the TGN, cargoes are sorted in different carriers, often tubular/pleiomorphic, to their final destinations, such as the lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or the secretory ...

Retrograde sorting of Golgi residents. The vesicle coat protein complex coatomer I (COPI) is the core component of Golgi retrograde pathways. COPI localizes to the rims of Golgi cisternae, whose edges are surrounded by vesicles, suggesting that these represent dynamic sites of protein sorting and export (Orci et al., 1997).Retrograde sorting of some trans/TGN-resident Golgi proteins is ...

The first step is the recruitment and transport of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen to the Golgi apparatus by coat protein complex II (COPII), consisting of five core proteins. Additional ER transmembrane proteins that aid cargo recruitment are referred to as cargo receptors.

Secretory proteins are transported to the Golgi complex in vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) is responsible for cargo sorting and ...

The Golgi apparatus processes proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through vesicular transport.Proteins are modified via glycosylation, including N-linked and O-linked types, crucial for stability and function.The Golgi consists of cisternae organized into cis, medial, and trans sections, facilitating protein maturation. Proteins can move through the Golgi via the vesicular ...

Rab32, which is unique among Rab proteins as an anchoring protein for Protein Kinase A (PKA), regulates Golgi dynamics through PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the adapter protein Optineurin. Abstract. Rab32 is a small GTPase and molecular switch implicated in vesicular trafficking. Rab32 is also an A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP), which ...