Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
A summary of this guidance is presented on the page about the basic principles of reference list entries. Additional information and examples are available in Chapters 9 and 10 of the Publication Manual. If a work does not have an author, date, title, or source, visit the page on how to adjust reference list entries when reference information is missing.
Use the last name of the first author, then the phrase "et al." to indicate that there are more authors found in the reference list citation. (Martin et al., 2020)
It is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. Example: Using “et al.” Hulme et al. (2019) argue that … Different citation styles have different rules for when to use “et al.” Below, we explain the rules for APA, MLA, and Chicago style.
For example, if you read a work by Lyon et al. (2014) in which Rabbit (1982) was cited, and you were unable to read Rabbitt's work yourself, your in-text citation would look like this, and you would only include Lyon's source in your References list: (Rabbitt, 1982, as cited in Lyon et al., 2014).
Master 'et al.' in APA with 12+ clear rules to avoid common citation mistakes. Learn how to properly use et al. in in-text citations, reference lists, and more. This guide covers APA formatting, author attribution, and scholarly writing best practices to ensure accurate and consistent academic citations.
Learn proper Et Al citations formatting with our easy guide, covering citation styles, references, and bibliographies, including MLA, APA, and Chicago formats for academic papers and research articles.
What is APA? APA 7th ed. Title Page Reference List In-Text Documentation Sample Student Paper I need to cite . . . Legacy - APA 6th ed.
APA 7th Edition Guide APA (American Psychological Association) is a way of citing references and organizing your academic writing. There are other different citation styles; however, APA is used mostly in the sciences and social sciences such as psychology, criminal justice, human services and business. You will use APA in a variety of ways throughout your academic career: term papers ...
APA format requires that resources be cited using the author-date system. This means that papers need to include a reference list and in-text citations that appear in the body of the paper. The in-text citation consists of the author and the year of publication. If there Is no year, use "n.d." in place of that information.
It is used in academic in-text citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. In APA style, for a source with three or more authors, list the first author’s last name and “et al.” for all citations, including the first citation.
APA 7th Edition (2020): Citations & Reference List This handout summarizes key concepts you'll need to know when using APA Style for citations. For more detailed instructions and a greater variety of examples and scenarios, we recommend referring to the APA Publication Manual (2019) in book format or online (apastyle.apa.org), or the Purdue OWL (owl.purdue.edu).
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. APA Style uses the author-date system to cite references in the text. In this system, each work used in a paper has two parts: an in-text citation and a corresponding reference list.
Include the first 19 authors in the reference, then three ellipsis points (. . .), and then the last author (there is no ampersand). In the in-text citation, only include the first author and add et al.
Learn how to cite references in the text, including how to implement the basic in-text citation formats, cite multiple works, achieve clarity, and format in-text citations with missing author and/or date information.
Learn APA format for multiple authors with our easy reference guide, covering author citations, references, and in-text citations for 2-7 authors, with tips on et al usage and more.
This helps to simplify the text and reduce repetition. The correct way to use "et al." in a citation depends on the citation style being used. In general, it is used for in-text citations and in the reference list or bibliography to indicate that there are multiple authors.
