Six or More Authors Cite only the last name of the first author followed by “et al.” and the year for ALL in-text citations, including the first one. Smith et al. (2011) found… and then (Smith et al., 2011) **Note: If two citations share last names, include as many names as necessary until the citations are distinguishable.
If you need to shorten a title within quotation marks that begins with a title in quotation marks, use the title within the title as the short form and retain the single quotation marks within double quotation marks: Karen Ford argues that Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” is “replete with contradictions” (“‘Yellow Wallpaper’” 311). …
When listing the titles, be aware that long titles in parenthetical citations can distract the reader and cause confusion. It will be necessary to shorten the titles appropriately for in-text citations. According to the Handbook, “shorten the title if it is longer than a noun phrase” (237). The abbreviated title should begin with the word ...
If the source has no named author, your in-text citation will be an abbreviated version of the title. If it is a very short title, you may use the entire title. If the work without an author is an article, put quotes around the shortened title in the parenthetical citation; if it is a book, italicize it.
When shortening the title: Begin the title with the same first word(s) Be sure the shortened title is still clear enough to indicate which citation it is referencing on the Works Cited page; When a title begins with "A," "An," or "The" you can omit that word from the abbreviation and begin the shortened version with the second word of the title.
works cited, the full title (if brief) or a shortened version precedes the page, paragraph, section, or reference number or numbers unless the title appears in your text. When shortening a title, begin with the word by which it is alphabetized in the Works Cited list entries. If you wish to cite a definition entry,
Shortened Title. if there is no author, use a shortened title for in-text citation. if the title is longer than a noun phrase (adjective+noun) shorten the title. When possible use the first noun and any preceding adjectives. ex: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight > Sir Gawain. Abbreviated Title. May be used as an alternative to a shortened title.
Shorten the title to the first noun phrase or word. Keep in mind the in text citation is meant to lead the reader to the correct entry. When titles have similar beginnings, provide more words in the full title. For example, Faulkner's Novels of the South can be shortened to Faulkner's Novels and Under the Volcano can be shortened to Under.
When an author's name appears in text. Provide only the page number in parentheses: Anderson explains in his research the aesthetic and ideological orientation of jazz (7). Citing a work listed by title (without known author) Place the quote around the title (if brief) or shortened version, that proceeds the page, paragraph, section number(s):
Abbreviating a title in your parenthetical in-text citation: When the first element of your Works Cited citation is a source title that is more than a few words long, you may shorten the title when citing it in your text. The MLA Handbook recommends shortening to the first noun phrase (eliminating initial articles), or, if the title does not ...
Rule 3: Shorten Long Titles in In-Text Citations. If the source title is lengthy, use the first few words followed by an ellipsis. For example, if the title is The Comprehensive Guide to Sustainable Farming Practices and Their Environmental Benefits, your in-text citation would be: (The Comprehensive Guide…, 2021). Rule 4: Include the Year of ...
In-Text Citation: Example: No author / anonymous with page numbers. Use a shortened title of the work following the same format as the Works Cited entry; in quotes or italics. Exclude initials articles (a, an, the). Titles can be abbreviated if it is clear which title on the Works Cited page you are referring to.
If you need to shorten a title enclosed in quotation marks that begins with a quotation, use the title within the title as the short form and retain the single quotation marks within double quotation marks: As Barry Menikoff shows, Stevenson’s novels were influenced by his relation to the South Seas (“‘These Problematic Shores’”). Works Cited …
Shorten title if needed. Use double quotation marks for title of an article, a chapter, or a web page. Use italics for title of a periodical, a book, a brochure or a report. the observations found ("Arctic Voyage," 2014) the book Vitamin Discoveries (2013) Two or more authors: Within the text use the word and.
The in-text citation would look like this: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact" 6). Note that in the shortened title, you will remove a, an and the from the beginning ...
For time-based media like video, times are now cited in the text (p. 250). The use of my trans. to identify your translation of a non-English quotation is described (p. 282). How to shorten long titles when they have to be included in a parenthetical citation is clarified (p. 237-238).
In-Text Citation, No Author. ("Use Title Instead"). If the source is titled "Clay Pot Snowman Tutorial", your in-text citation will be (“Clay Pot Snowman Tutorial”). If the title is very long, shorten it by using only the first word. For example, the title “Allergies: Basic Info You Need to Know.” would be (“Allergies”).
You many shorten long titles for your in-text citation. Use enough of the first few words of the title so that the corresponding References list entry is easy to identify. Do not use "Anonymous" in place of a missing author, unless your source itself actually lists the name Anonymous as the author credit. (Do not go by the "details" included ...
