Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998) finds). APA Citation Basics When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation.
This guides shows how to reference with the APA 7th edition style
Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual. To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of work (e.g., journal article) and follow the relevant example.
2.1: Examples of in-text citations with page numbers (print or online) To cite a source in the text of your written assignment, indicate the last name of the author (s), or if there is no author, the first few words of the document title (in quotation marks), then the page, chapter, figure, or table numbers (if applicable).
*for more than two authors (3 or more), list only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources.
When you quote, summarize or paraphrase information you found in a source (book, article, etc.), you use in-text citations to give credit to the creator of the information. The purpose of the in-text citation is to help readers find the source in your References list. In-text citations go directly after your information.
The following examples illustrate the acceptable forms of citing a direct quotation of a source. When quoting, always provide the author, year, and specific page citation in the text, and include a complete reference in the works cited (reference) list.
This Research Guide has been created to help students use APA style in their writing.
When formatting a citation in APA style, pay particular attention to italics, punctuation, indentation, and capitalization. Many more samples of citations presented in the APA style can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Please consult this book or a librarian for help with unusual resources.
Example of a Citation for an Authored Book Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books. Parenthetical citation: (Sapolsky, 2017, p. 91) Narrative citation: Sapolsky (2017) develops this argument (pp. 94-95) Note: Page numbers appear at the end of in-text citations. A single page is indicated by p. and multiple pages are indicated by pp.
In general, each work cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text. Check your work carefully before submitting your manuscript or course assignment to ensure no works cited in the text are missing from the reference list and vice versa, with only the following exceptions.
Example of MLA Work Cited Page Image credit: S3 Example of APA Reference List Format Image credit: The Very Well Mind Example of Chicago Style Bibliography Image credit: S cribbr You put in the hard work, make sure that you get full credit! Need more help? CitationMachine is a helpful citation site to ensure your papers are correctly done!
The following is an example of the first page of an assignment to highlight the ways in which in-text citations can be used within paraphrased text. Can sport be used as a tool to improve the self-esteem, behaviour and social skills in children with ‘hidden disabilities’?
This sample student paper shows you how to format your document and how to include your student information, in-text citations, and a Reference list in APA format. It can be used as a template to set up your assignment.
Based on APA Publication Manual, 7th Edition (2020). The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the APA's official citation guide and provides a more detailed explanation of how to use APA style.
The NLM Style Guide includes information and examples for three different types of in-text citations: citation-sequence system: numerical superscripts that are listed in the reference list in the order they appear in the text (similar to AMA)
Learn how to cite references in the text, including how to implement the basic in-text citation formats, cite multiple works, achieve clarity, and format in-text citations with missing author and/or date information.
Master the steps of writing a bibliography for an assignment, explore various citation styles, tips, and types to enhance your academic work.
