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CTCF is a protein that regulates gene expression, chromatin structure and V(D)J recombination. It binds to DNA sequences called CTCF sites and forms chromatin loops and insulator activity.

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an 82-kDa protein with 11 zinc fingers. 1 It was first identified as a transcriptional repressor of the chicken c-myc gene, a regulatory gene that encodes the c-myc ...

CTCF is a ubiquitously expressed and an essential protein , and is, in many ways, an exceptional transcription factor. It was first described as a transcriptional repressor [ 2 ], but was also found to act as a transcriptional activator [ 3 , 4 ].

CTCF is a protein coding gene that encodes a chromatin binding factor with 11 zinc finger domains. It regulates the 3D structure of chromatin, gene expression, and imprinting, and is involved in various diseases and pathways.

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA-binding protein that has various, often seemingly contradictory, roles in gene regulation. This Review describes these disparate functions and how the context ...

CTCF‐binding sites implicated in chromatin topology are ultra‐stable. Acute depletion of CTCF protein does not eliminate CTCF from all CBS, as thousands of sites remain occupied even after the removal of more than 90% of CTCF (Hyle et al, 2019; Luan et al, 2021). The stably bound CBS are, on one hand, depleted by the destabilizing ...

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an architectural protein that can mediate both interchromosomal and intrachromosomal interactions. The functional outcomes of these interactions depend on the nature of the sequences adjacent to CTCF-binding sites and perhaps on the presence of other chromatin proteins.

2. CTCF Is a Multifaceted Protein. Originally, CTCF was described in chickens as a protein that binds to a region upstream of the c-myc promoter. Because that binding site has three regularly spaced repetitions of the sequence CCCTC, the protein was named CCCTC-binding factor or CTCF .

Multiple possible mechanisms underly CTCF regulation of gene expression and may be affected by the number of proximal CTCF sites, the location of the binding site, and the protein partners. 21, 77, 78 In our study, motif enrichment and PageRank analyses identified potential CTCF-regulated transcription factors, such as T-bet, Tcf1, and Bach2.

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA-binding protein with diverse roles in chromatin architecture and gene regulation. The contextual basis for distinct CTCF functions remains largely unknown. As an architectural protein in chromatin, one role of CTCF involves domain organization.

Although CTCF has been assigned various roles that are often contradictory, new results now help to draw a unifying model to explain the many functions of this protein. CTCF creates boundaries between topologically associating domains in chromosomes and, within these domains, facilitates interactions between transcription regulatory sequences.

CTCF is a nuclear protein initially discovered for its role in enhancer-promoter insulation. It has been shown to play a role in genome architecture and in fact, its DNA binding sites are enriched at the borders of chromatin domains. Recently, we showed that depletion of CTCF impairs the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation.

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an eleven zinc finger (ZF), multivalent transcriptional regulator, that recognizes numerous motifs thanks to the deployment of distinct combinations of its ZFs. The great majority of the ~50,000 genomic locations bound by the CTCF protein in a given cell type is interg …

INTRODUCTION. CTCF (also known as CCCTC-binding factor) [] is a ubiquitously expressed vertebrate nuclear protein with numerous functions.CTCF was first detected as a protein specifically recognizing three regularly spaced repeats of the CCCTC sequence located ~200 bp upstream of the chicken c-myc gene transcription start site [2, 3] and binding to a chicken lysozyme silencer [4, 5].

CTCF is a highly conserved zinc finger protein implicated in diverse regulatory functions, including transcriptional activation/repression, insulation, imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation. Here we re-evaluate data supporting these roles in the context of mechanistic insights provided by recent genome-wide studies and highlight evidence for CTCF-mediated intra- and interchromosomal ...

CTCF AS THE BEST STUDIED PROTEIN WITH A C2H2 ZINC FINGER CLUSTER IN MAMMALS. The vertebrate protein CTCF (CCCTC binding factor), which has been well-studied in humans and mice [21, 22], is expressed at all ontogenetic stages in all cell types and is required during embryogenesis. Depending on the context, CTCF can act as a transcriptional ...

The CTCF protein is a highly conserved zinc finger protein that is implicated in many aspects of gene regulation and nuclear organization. Its functions include the ability to act as a repressor of genes, including the c-myc oncogene. In this paper, we show that the CTCF protein can be posttranslati …

The great majority of the ~50,000 genomic locations bound by the CTCF protein in a given cell type is intergenic, and a fraction of these sites overlaps with transcriptional enhancers. Furthermore, a proportion of the regions bound by CTCF intersect genes and promoters. This suggests multiple ways in which CTCF may impact gene expression.

(v) TEs are a reservoir for CTCF binding sites and other anchor proteins, thereby retaining the potential to form neo-TADs which can bring cis-regulatory sequences to non-target genes and modulate ...

H3K18la was significantly enriched at the interaction-facing part of the CTCF-binding sites across the genome (Figure S5A), and while CTCF-interacting regions covered just 6.1% of the genome, up to 21.9% and 23.3% of all H3K18la and dynamic H3K18la peaks were located within these regions, respectively (Figures S5A and S5B). This discrete set of ...