CTCF is capable of binding to thousands of sites in the genome, and due to the flexibility of its DNA binding domain, it is considered a multivalent protein. In this review, we demonstrate that CTCF interacts with a wide array of epigenetic factors which suggests that it could serve as a scaffold for the assembly of different protein complexes.
CTCF is a nuclear architectural protein that binds to thousands of highly diverse sequences in eukaryotes. The current hypothesis, known as the “CTCF code,” proposes that CTCF binds DNA targets through combinatorial use of its 11 zinc fingers (ZFs). This model, however, is mostly supported by in vitro binding studies. By expressing ZF mutants in B lymphocytes, Resch, Casellas, and ...
The 3D genome organization and its dynamic modulate genome function, playing a pivotal role in cell differentiation and development. CTCF and cohesin, acting as the core architectural components involved in chromatin looping and genome folding, can also recruit other protein or RNA partners to fine-tune genome structure during development.
Consequently, CTCF contributes to the establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the chromatin fiber in the nucleus that is both an effector and a consequence of genome function.
Abstract CTCF is a highly conserved zinc finger protein implicated in diverse genomic regulatory functions, including transcriptional activation/repression, insulation, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Here we re-evaluate data supporting these roles in the context of mechanistic insights provided by recent genome-wide studies and highlight evidence for CTCF-mediated intra- and inter ...
CTCF is an essential epigenetic regulator mediating chromatin insulation, long-range regulatory interactions, and the organization of large topological domains in the nucleus. Phenotypes of CTCF haploinsufficient mutations in humans, knockout in mice, and depletion in cells are often consistent with impaired genome stability, but a role of CTCF in genome maintenance has not been fully ...
The eukaryotic genome is organized in the three-dimensional nuclear space in a specific manner that is both a cause and a consequence of its function. This organization is partly established by a special class of architectural proteins, of which CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is the best characterized. …
This suggests multiple ways in which CTCF may impact gene expression. At promoters, CTCF can directly affect transcription. At more distal sites, CTCF may orchestrate interactions between regulatory elements and help separate eu‐ and heterochromatic areas in the genome, exerting a chromatin barrier function.
Occurrences of CTCF-binding and DNase I hypersensitivity sites per 25-kb window across the genome were calculated for all downloaded cell types and used to calculate TAD boundary and shuffled ...
Abstract CTCF is a highly conserved zinc finger protein implicated in diverse regulatory functions, including transcriptional activation/repression, insulation, imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation. Here we re-evaluate data supporting these roles in the context of mechanistic insights provided by recent genome-wide studies and highlight evidence for CTCF-mediated intra- and ...
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA binding factor capable of regulating not only the 3D genome organization, but also key aspects of gene expression, including transcription activation and repression, RNA splicing, and enhancer/promoter insulation.
Genome-wide analyses have revealed a strong overlap between chromatin loops and CTCF binding sites [50]. Furthermore, different studies have proven that the alteration of the CTCF binding site – either through its disruption or its inversion – has an impact on chromatin architecture, which disturbs promoter-enhancer interactions [51, 52].
CTCF is a highly conserved zinc finger protein implicated in diverse regulatory functions, including transcriptional activation/repression, insulation, imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation. Here we re-evaluate data supporting these roles in the context of mechanistic insights provided by recent genome-wide studies and highlight evidence for CTCF-mediated intra- and interchromosomal ...
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a highly conserved zinc finger protein and is best known as a transcription factor. It can function as a transcriptional activator, a repressor or an insulator protein, blocking the communication between enhancers and promoters. CTCF can also recruit other transcriptio …
For example, CTCF, the CCCTC-binding factor, is a highly conserved zinc-finger protein that forms a multifunctional complex functioning in defining topologically associated domains, which are important for genome regulation and gene expression 32. DNMs in CTCF have been described in patients with ID 27.
The risk allele was found to have decreased IRF3 binding and increased CTCF binding in promoter-binding assays, and risk allele carriage diminished transcriptional correlations among neighboring genes, indicative of CTCF boundary activity. Furthermore, the risk allele disrupts a CpG site that undergoes differential methylation in CD8 T-cell ...
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