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If several references have the same group author, introduce the abbreviation only once in the text. In the rare case that two different groups abbreviate to the same form (e.g., both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association abbreviate to “APA”) and you cite both groups in your paper, spell out each name every time.

• Do not italicize or define Latin abbreviations. • Punctuate Latin abbreviations as if they were spelled out (shown in the table). • Use the abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) in both parenthetical and narrative in-text citations. Parenthetical text: (as examined by Pak et al., 2020) Narrative text: Pak et al. (2020 ...

APA Contents. Introduction to APA style. In-Text Citations. Abbreviations. Audio and Visual media. ... Standard abbreviations can be used in your citations. Some of the more commonly used examples of abbreviations are listed below. And others. ... In-text citation (Genet, 1966, p. 61) End-text reference Genet, J. (1966).

According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2019, p. 268) 8.21 Abbreviating Group Authors:. Within the Text-As stated in section 6.25 of the APA manual spell out the full name of the group author followed by the abbreviation with the first usage within the text.Reference List- Write out the entire group author name as it is printed from the original source.

Most abbreviations must be defined in an APA Style paper upon first use. Do not define the following: abbreviations listed in the dictionary, measurements, time abbreviations used with numerical values (5 hr, 30 min), Latin abbreviations (et al., i.e., e.g., etc.), and many statistical abbreviations.

APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the ...

For example, you might cite a test or measure that has an abbreviation and then provide its citation (for a common case, here is how to cite the DSM-5). If the spelled-out version of the term appears in the narrative for the first time, put the abbreviation and the author–date citation in parentheses after it, separated by a semicolon.

There is no need to add an s to an abbreviation to show a plural. When stating Fahrenheit or Celsius, place the abbreviation next to the degree symbol (40ºF or 40ºC) Examples: Use the abbreviations below with a numeral: hr → hour min → minute Do not abbreviate days, weeks, months, or years even with numerals. Abbreviations. General Rules

Abbreviations in APA. References Interactive Table of Contents. Abbreviations/Overview How to Introduce an Abbreviation Abbreviation Format: Plurals ... • If the full term first appears in a parenthetical citation, introduce the abbreviation by placing it in brackets: (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2021).

Other than abbreviations prescribed by APA in reference list elements (e.g., “ed.” for “edition,” “n.d.” for “no date,” etc.), do not use abbreviations in the references list. For example, a source authored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention would not be abbreviated as CDC in the references list.

In APA style, abbreviations are used for the following reasons. Conventional: Readers are likely to be more familiar with the abbreviation than the complete form. Space-saving: The use of an abbreviation results in significant space savings and avoids cumbersome repetition.

1) Before using an abbreviation, include the full spelling of the phrase followed by the abbreviation in parenthesis. Only introduce an abbreviation if you will use the abbreviation at least three times in the chapter. Once the abbreviation is introduced, only use the abbreviation. Examples: Abbreviation with an in-text citation:

The first time you refer to the organisation, include the full name of the organisation, followed by the abbreviation in round brackets. Thereafter, the abbreviation can be listed on its own. Abbreviations (acronyms and initials) are written without full stops in between. In the reference list, write the name of the organisation in full. Example:

An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase; abbreviations of phrases are often composed of the first letter of each word of the phrase (i.e., acronym). To maximize clarity, use abbreviations sparingly. Also consider readers’ familiarity with the abbreviation before using it. Although abbreviations can be useful for long, technical terms in scholarly writing, communication is ...

Standard APA Abbreviations • Standard abbreviations may be used in your citations. • A list of acceptable, commonly used abbreviations can be found in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association , 7th ed., pp. 306-307.

If the group name first appears in a parenthetical citation, include the abbreviation in square brackets, followed by a comma and the year. (American Psychological Association [APA], 2017) In the reference list entry, do not abbreviate the group author name" (APA, p. 268).

For a term in parentheses, put the abbreviation in brackets after the term: (response time [RT]) • Group author names may be abbreviated in the text (e.g., American Psychological Association [APA]), but should not be abbreviated in references. • In general, if you abbreviate a term, use the abbreviation at least three times in a paper.

Reference list: Formatting of the reference list ǀ Abbreviations ǀ Order of references ǀ DOI ǀ Reference elements (author, date, title, source) ǀ Retrieval dates ǀ Missing reference information ... Formatting an APA Style student paper; 3.2 Abbreviations . The following abbreviations are used in the reference list: ed. edition: Rev. ed ...

APA Style is the most widely used academic style in the world, helping writers communicate in a clear, precise, and inclusive manner. Disciplines. Publication Manual. Official source for APA Style; Over 17 million copies sold #1 bestseller on Amazon; APA Style Usage: College Degrees.